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小鋒 2023-05-10 14:39:00 

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• 匿名用戶  2023-05-10 14:39:00

  　　自動(dong)(dong)化測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)金(jin)字塔模型(xing)包(bao)(bao)含以下測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)：1. 單元測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(Unit Testing)：針對(dui)(dui)代碼中的(de)(de)每(mei)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)單元(如(ru)函數(shu)、方法、類(lei)(lei)等(deng))進行測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，檢(jian)查(cha)每(mei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)單元的(de)(de)行為(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)符(fu)合(he)預期(qi)。單元測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)由(you)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)人員(yuan)編(bian)寫(xie)，在(zai)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)過(guo)(guo)程中完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)，是(shi)(shi)整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)自動(dong)(dong)化測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)金(jin)字塔的(de)(de)底層。2. API測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)/API集成(cheng)(cheng)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(API Testing/API Integration Testing)：API測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)應用(yong)程序接(jie)口(Application Programming Interface)進行測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，檢(jian)查(cha)API是(shi)(shi)否(fou)符(fu)合(he)預期(qi)，包(bao)(bao)括接(jie)口功能測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、接(jie)口性能測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、接(jie)口安(an)全測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)。API測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)由(you)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)人員(yuan)和測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人員(yuan)一起編(bian)寫(xie)，并在(zai)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)過(guo)(guo)程中完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)。3. 集成(cheng)(cheng)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)( Integration Testing)：將系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中各個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)模塊、組件(jian)、服務等(deng)進行集成(cheng)(cheng)，對(dui)(dui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)不(bu)同部分(fen)進行測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，驗證組件(jian)的(de)(de)協(xie)同工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)正常(chang)(chang)，以及系(xi)統(tong)(tong)整(zheng)體是(shi)(shi)否(fou)符(fu)合(he)需(xu)求。集成(cheng)(cheng)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)由(you)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人員(yuan)編(bian)寫(xie)，需(xu)要(yao)在(zai)整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)周期(qi)中進行多(duo)次測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。4. UI自動(dong)(dong)化測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(UI Automation Testing)：對(dui)(dui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)用(yong)戶(hu)界面進行測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，包(bao)(bao)括屏(ping)幕布局、交互、響應時間等(deng)方面的(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。UI自動(dong)(dong)化測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)需(xu)要(yao)模擬用(yong)戶(hu)操作(zuo)(zuo)，自動(dong)(dong)化執行瀏(liu)覽(lan)器操作(zuo)(zuo)、模擬鼠(shu)標、鍵盤輸入等(deng)，以確(que)保UI對(dui)(dui)用(yong)戶(hu)友(you)好、易操作(zuo)(zuo)。通(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)由(you)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人員(yuan)編(bian)寫(xie)并在(zai)整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)周期(qi)中執行多(duo)次測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。5. E2E測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)：針對(dui)(dui)整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)終(zhong)端(duan)到終(zhong)端(duan)(End-to-End)的(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，從用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)角度出發(fa)(fa)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)模擬用(yong)戶(hu)行為(wei)(wei)、操作(zuo)(zuo)流(liu)程等(deng)來測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)符(fu)合(he)需(xu)求，以及各個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)部分(fen)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)協(xie)同工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)正常(chang)(chang)。E2E測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)由(you)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人員(yuan)編(bian)寫(xie)，并在(zai)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)周期(qi)的(de)(de)后期(qi)進行。

• 匿名(ming)用戶  2023-05-10 14:39:00

  　　自(zi)動化測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)金字(zi)塔模(mo)型是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)策略，用(yong)(yong)(yong)于指導自(zi)動化測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)范圍(wei)和(he)層(ceng)次(ci)。該模(mo)型包(bao)含三個主要層(ceng)次(ci)：單(dan)(dan)元測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)端(duan)(duan)到(dao)端(duan)(duan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。1. 單(dan)(dan)元測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)：單(dan)(dan)元測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)對應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)中最小(xiao)的(de)(de)可測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)單(dan)(dan)元進行(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。這些單(dan)(dan)元可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)單(dan)(dan)個函數、方法(fa)或(huo)類。單(dan)(dan)元測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)開發(fa)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)代(dai)碼編(bian)寫后的(de)(de)第(di)一(yi)道(dao)自(zi)動化測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)環(huan)節，用(yong)(yong)(yong)于確(que)保代(dai)碼的(de)(de)正確(que)性。單(dan)(dan)元測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通常(chang)是(shi)(shi)開發(fa)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)編(bian)寫的(de)(de)，并使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)具如(ru)JUnit、TestNG等(deng)。2. 集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)：集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)中不(bu)同部(bu)分(fen)之間的(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。這些部(bu)分(fen)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)同的(de)(de)模(mo)塊、服務(wu)或(huo)組件。在(zai)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中，測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)通過自(zi)動化測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)來驗證應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)不(bu)同部(bu)分(fen)之間的(de)(de)接口、協(xie)議和(he)通信。集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)確(que)保應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)不(bu)同部(bu)分(fen)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠正確(que)地(di)協(xie)同工(gong)(gong)作。集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)各種(zhong)工(gong)(gong)具和(he)框(kuang)(kuang)架來實現，例如(ru)Selenium、Appium等(deng)。3. 端(duan)(duan)到(dao)端(duan)(duan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)：端(duan)(duan)到(dao)端(duan)(duan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(也(ye)稱為UI測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))是(shi)(shi)最高層(ceng)的(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。它是(shi)(shi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)整個應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)行(xing)為，包(bao)括用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)界(jie)面、流程(cheng)(cheng)和(he)各種(zhong)交互。在(zai)端(duan)(duan)到(dao)端(duan)(duan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中，測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)通過自(zi)動化測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)來驗證應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)確(que)保應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)滿足用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)期望。端(duan)(duan)到(dao)端(duan)(duan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)Selenium、Cypress、Appium等(deng)各種(zhong)工(gong)(gong)具和(he)框(kuang)(kuang)架來實現。自(zi)動化測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)金字(zi)塔模(mo)型的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)指導自(zi)動化測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)層(ceng)次(ci)和(he)范圍(wei)。通過在(zai)每個層(ceng)次(ci)中進行(xing)自(zi)動化測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)團(tuan)隊可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)提高測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)覆(fu)蓋率，減少測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時間，并確(que)保應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)質量和(he)穩定性。

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