推薦答案
在軟件(jian)測試(shi)領(ling)域(yu)，有(you)多(duo)種常見(jian)的測試(shi)方法和技術可(ke)供選擇。以下(xia)是(shi)一(yi)些常見(jian)的軟件(jian)測試(shi)方法：
1. 黑盒測試(Black Box Testing)：黑盒測試是(shi)基(ji)于系統(tong)的(de)功能和(he)(he)需求規格的(de)測試方法，獨(du)立(li)于系統(tong)的(de)內部結構和(he)(he)實(shi)現。測試人員關注系統(tong)的(de)輸入和(he)(he)輸出，測試系統(tong)是(shi)否(fou)按照預(yu)期(qi)功能運行(xing)，并驗(yan)證系統(tong)的(de)功能和(he)(he)用(yong)戶體驗(yan)。
2. 白盒測試(White Box Testing)：白盒測(ce)(ce)試是基于系統的(de)內(nei)部(bu)結構(gou)和(he)代碼實(shi)現的(de)測(ce)(ce)試方(fang)法(fa)。測(ce)(ce)試人員了解系統的(de)內(nei)部(bu)邏(luo)輯和(he)結構(gou)，設計測(ce)(ce)試用例(li)來(lai)驗證代碼的(de)覆(fu)蓋(gai)率、路徑執(zhi)行和(he)邏(luo)輯正確性。
3. 灰盒測試(Gray Box Testing)：灰盒測(ce)試結合了黑(hei)盒測(ce)試和(he)白(bai)盒測(ce)試的(de)元素(su)。測(ce)試人員有一些關于系統的(de)內部(bu)結構和(he)實現(xian)的(de)知識(shi)，但并(bing)非完全了解所有細(xi)節(jie)。這(zhe)種(zhong)方法旨在驗證系統的(de)功(gong)能(neng)、用戶(hu)界面(mian)和(he)內部(bu)邏輯(ji)的(de)一致性。
4. 功能測試(Functional Testing)：功能(neng)(neng)(neng)測試(shi)是驗證系統(tong)按(an)照規(gui)格(ge)說明書和(he)需求規(gui)定的功能(neng)(neng)(neng)進(jin)行測試(shi)。測試(shi)人員(yuan)根據預(yu)期功能(neng)(neng)(neng)設計(ji)測試(shi)用例，確保系統(tong)按(an)照預(yu)期執行功能(neng)(neng)(neng)，并捕捉功能(neng)(neng)(neng)缺陷和(he)錯誤。
5. 性能測試(Performance Testing)：性(xing)(xing)能(neng)測試用于評估系統的(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)和(he)資(zi)源(yuan)利用情況。它包括壓(ya)力測試、負(fu)載(zai)測試和(he)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)基準測試，以驗(yan)證系統在不同負(fu)載(zai)和(he)壓(ya)力下的(de)響(xiang)應時間、吞吐量和(he)資(zi)源(yuan)消耗等方面的(de)表(biao)現。
6. 安全測試(Security Testing)：安(an)全測(ce)試是為了(le)評估系(xi)統(tong)的安(an)全性，發現潛在的安(an)全漏洞和(he)風(feng)險。它包括身份驗證(zheng)、授(shou)權、數據保(bao)(bao)護、網絡安(an)全等方面的測(ce)試，以確保(bao)(bao)系(xi)統(tong)對潛在威脅的防(fang)御和(he)保(bao)(bao)護。
7. 兼容性測試(Compatibility Testing)：兼(jian)容(rong)性測試(shi)用(yong)于(yu)驗證系統在不同平臺、操作系統、瀏覽器和設備上的兼(jian)容(rong)性。測試(shi)人員測試(shi)系統在不同環境和配置下(xia)的功能和性能，并確(que)保系統在各種組(zu)合中的正確(que)工(gong)作。
8. 回歸測試(Regression Testing)：回(hui)歸(gui)測(ce)試是(shi)在(zai)對系統進行修(xiu)改、修(xiu)復(fu)錯誤或添(tian)加新功(gong)能后(hou)重新執行測(ce)試用(yong)例(li)，以確保(bao)已有功(gong)能沒有受到影響。它旨在(zai)捕(bu)獲潛在(zai)的回(hui)歸(gui)缺陷，并驗證系統的穩定性(xing)和一致性(xing)。
9. 探索性測試(Exploratory Testing)：探(tan)索性(xing)測試(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)一種靈活的測試(shi)(shi)(shi)方法(fa)，測試(shi)(shi)(shi)人員在沒有預先定義腳本或測試(shi)(shi)(shi)計劃的情況下(xia)進(jin)行測試(shi)(shi)(shi)。
其他答案
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常(chang)見的(de)(de)軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)有黑盒(he)(he)(he)(he)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、白(bai)盒(he)(he)(he)(he)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、灰(hui)盒(he)(he)(he)(he)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)多種(zhong)(zhong)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)策略。其中(zhong)，黑盒(he)(he)(he)(he)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是最常(chang)用的(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)之一，主要測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)對不(bu)同輸入的(de)(de)響(xiang)應(ying)。白(bai)盒(he)(he)(he)(he)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是基于軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)內部結構的(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)，主要測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代碼的(de)(de)正(zheng)確(que)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)覆蓋(gai)率。灰(hui)盒(he)(he)(he)(he)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)則(ze)(ze)結合黑盒(he)(he)(he)(he)和(he)白(bai)盒(he)(he)(he)(he)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)優勢，既能(neng)夠(gou)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功能(neng)也能(neng)夠(gou)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代碼的(de)(de)正(zheng)確(que)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。在(zai)軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過程中(zhong)，還可(ke)以采取自(zi)動(dong)化測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)手工測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相結合的(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)。自(zi)動(dong)化測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)以提高(gao)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效率和(he)可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，常(chang)見的(de)(de)自(zi)動(dong)化測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工具包括Selenium、Appium、JMeter等(deng)。手工測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)則(ze)(ze)需要測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人員依(yi)據測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用例逐(zhu)一進(jin)行測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，確(que)保軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)功能(neng)的(de)(de)正(zheng)確(que)實(shi)現。此(ci)外，還有性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、安全測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、兼(jian)(jian)容(rong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)多種(zhong)(zhong)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)。性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)對負(fu)載的(de)(de)響(xiang)應(ying)能(neng)力，主要有負(fu)載測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、壓力測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)穩定性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。安全測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)則(ze)(ze)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)的(de)(de)安全性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)抵御(yu)攻擊(ji)的(de)(de)能(neng)力。兼(jian)(jian)容(rong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)在(zai)不(bu)同操作系統、瀏覽器(qi)等(deng)環(huan)境下的(de)(de)適(shi)配性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)在(zai)長時間運(yun)行、發(fa)生異常(chang)時的(de)(de)情況下是否會導(dao)致(zhi)崩(beng)潰或數(shu)據丟失等(deng)問題。
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常(chang)(chang)(chang)見(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法包括(kuo)黑(hei)(hei)盒測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、白盒測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、灰盒測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等。黑(hei)(hei)盒測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)根據(ju)(ju)軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)需求(qiu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)規格說明進(jin)行(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不考(kao)(kao)慮程序(xu)內部結(jie)構(gou)，常(chang)(chang)(chang)見(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)法包括(kuo)等價類測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、邊界值測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、決策表測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等。白盒測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)針對軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內部結(jie)構(gou)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)基(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)代(dai)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)邏輯和(he)(he)(he)(he)程序(xu)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)法，常(chang)(chang)(chang)見(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)法包括(kuo)語句(ju)覆(fu)(fu)蓋測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、判定(ding)覆(fu)(fu)蓋測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、條件(jian)(jian)(jian)覆(fu)(fu)蓋測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等。灰盒測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)則是(shi)(shi)綜合了(le)黑(hei)(hei)盒測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)白盒測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點，既考(kao)(kao)慮了(le)程序(xu)內部結(jie)構(gou)，也考(kao)(kao)慮了(le)功能(neng)(neng)需求(qiu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)規格說明，常(chang)(chang)(chang)見(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)法包括(kuo)路徑覆(fu)(fu)蓋測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、數(shu)據(ju)(ju)流覆(fu)(fu)蓋測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等。除(chu)(chu)了(le)上述(shu)(shu)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)法，隨(sui)著人工智能(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)機(ji)器學習(xi)等技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展，一(yi)些(xie)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)法也開始得到(dao)應(ying)用(yong)，如基(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)模(mo)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、搜索(suo)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、模(mo)糊測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等。基(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)模(mo)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)模(mo)型(xing)對軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，并根據(ju)(ju)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結(jie)果來(lai)更新模(mo)型(xing)，提高測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)率和(he)(he)(he)(he)準確性。搜索(suo)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)在軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)中自動生成測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)例(li)(li)，然后通(tong)(tong)(tong)過運行(xing)(xing)這些(xie)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)例(li)(li)來(lai)評估軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)質量。模(mo)糊測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)則是(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過隨(sui)機(ji)生成輸入數(shu)據(ju)(ju)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，以期發(fa)(fa)現軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漏洞和(he)(he)(he)(he)缺(que)陷。除(chu)(chu)了(le)上述(shu)(shu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)法之外，還有一(yi)些(xie)輔助的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)技(ji)(ji)術被廣(guang)泛(fan)采用(yong)，如代(dai)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)靜態分析(xi)、模(mo)擬器和(he)(he)(he)(he)虛(xu)擬化(hua)等。代(dai)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)靜態分析(xi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過對代(dai)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)語法和(he)(he)(he)(he)邏輯分析(xi)，檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)出潛在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漏洞和(he)(he)(he)(he)代(dai)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)缺(que)陷。模(mo)擬器和(he)(he)(he)(he)虛(xu)擬化(hua)技(ji)(ji)術在軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中也得到(dao)廣(guang)泛(fan)應(ying)用(yong)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)過建立虛(xu)擬環(huan)境對軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，從而減少(shao)成本和(he)(he)(he)(he)風險。
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